https://dspace.ncfu.ru/handle/20.500.12258/52 Sun, 12 Jul 2026 16:42:55 GMT 2026-07-12T16:42:55Z https://dspace.ncfu.ru/handle/123456789/33294 Title: The Caricature of the Enemy in the Press of the Russian Empire at the beginning of the First World War: from Ridicule to Demonization Authors: Avdeev, E. А.; Авдеев, Е. А.; Vorobiev, S. M.; Воробьев, С. М.; Shishkin, B. A.; Шишкин, Б. А. Abstract: The article examines the caricature images of enemies on the pages of the Russian press published at the beginning of the First World War (July 1914 – January 1915). The authors apply an iconological analysis of anti-German, anti-Austrian and anti-Turkish images, including their description and identification of visual markers identifying the enemy, the definition of plots, decoding symbolic meanings and inner meanings. The techniques of ridiculing opponents and demonizing them are identified, described and illustrated with specific examples. The article examines the historical allusions used in the caricature, which create an ironic context. The image of Kaiser Wilhelm II and a number of his caricatured recognizable features became symbols of hostile Germany, its militarism, aggressive foreign policy and military ambitions. The demonization of the Germans and the Kaiser turns them into symbols of universal evil, giving the war an existential significance. The anti-German caricature and satirical narrative is characterized by: debunking the images of pillars of culture and thinkers; reduction of militarism and drill to absurdity; hyperbolization of "German atrocities"; antiheroization and immoralization of German soldiers and lay population. Various anti-Austrian caricatures are based around the image of the elderly Emperor Franz Joseph. The anti-Turkish ironically caricatures reinterpret the cliche of the "sick man of Europe." In the caricature representations of Austria-Hungary and Turkey, ridicule prevails over demonization, the internal problems of these states and their dependence on Germany are exaggerated. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://dspace.ncfu.ru/handle/123456789/33294 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.ncfu.ru/handle/123456789/33285 Title: Emigration of Austria-Hungarian Citizens in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries: Causes, Directions, and Consequences Authors: Kryuchkov, I. V.; Крючков, И. В.; Virt, N. F.; Вирт, Н. Ф. Abstract: In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, emigration from Austria-Hungary to North and South America and to Western Europe became a mass phenomenon of major demographic and social significance. This large-scale outflow from the Habsburg Empire continues to occupy an important place in the historical memory of the peoples of Central and Eastern Europe. This article examines the causes, principal destinations, and consequences of this migration movement. Drawing on diplomatic sources, particularly reports from Russian consulates and diplomatic missions in Austria-Hungary and Germany, the study reconstructs a contemporary external perspective on the migration processes unfolding within the Habsburg Empire. The analysis situates emigration within broader processes of economic modernisation, agrarian crisis, and national mobilisation. It argues that the disintegration of the traditional peasant economy, compounded by agrarian overpopulation, constituted one of the principal drivers of mass emigration. At the same time, the article traces the gradual transformation of official and public attitudes towards emigration. While initially treated with relative indifference, by the end of the nineteenth century emigration had come to be regarded as a significant demographic and economic threat to the stability of the dual monarchy. The study further demonstrates that depopulation was perceived by political and intellectual elites as a serious challenge in the context of nation-building and struggles for political rights in Central and Eastern Europe. It concludes that emigration from Austria-Hungary formed a substantial component of broader European migration flows and significantly affected both the development of the emigrant-sending regions and the receiving societies, particularly the United States. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://dspace.ncfu.ru/handle/123456789/33285 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.ncfu.ru/handle/123456789/33278 Title: Features of legal regulation of strategic development of the coal industry in the Komi Republic Authors: Gontar, S. N.; Гонтарь, С. Н. Abstract: This paper examines the coal industry development strategy in the Komi Republic. Particular attention is paid to the legal framework governing the strategic development of the entire coal industry in the Russian Federation and the Komi Republic as a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The legal framework for the long-term development of the coal industry in the Komi Republic (using the Vorkuta Municipal District as an example) is also examined, identifying challenges and promising areas. The coal industry is a priority sector of the Russian fuel and energy complex, and under sanctions, it faces numerous problems, including those related to the gradual displacement of certain hydrocarbons in the global fuel and energy market by other, more competitive energy sources. Therefore, Russian lawmakers, responding promptly to economic challenges, have approved a legal framework for the development and implementation of a coal industry development program, effective until 2035, at both the federal and regional levels. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://dspace.ncfu.ru/handle/123456789/33278 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z https://dspace.ncfu.ru/handle/123456789/33272 Title: Search for RIMS2 Gene Polymorphic Variants Associated with Live Weight Parameters in Manych Merino Sheep Breed Authors: Zuev, R. V.; Зуев, Р. В.; Krivoruchko, A. Y.; Криворучко, А. Ю.; Safaryan, E. Y.; Сафарян, Е. Ю. Abstract: To increase the meat productivity of sheep breeds, identification of markers in the genes associated with muscle tissue development is used. The RIMS2 gene in various genome-wide association studies was indicated as a candidate gene associated with meat productivity parameters. We conducted whole-genome DNA sequencing of Manych Merino rams, allowing us to study the structure of the RIMS2 gene. This resulted in the identification of over 12 000 polymorphic variants. The association of these structural variants with live weight was studied in Manych Merino rams. Among them, 191 loci were identified that were significantly associated with differences in this parameter between carriers of different alleles. Based on the analysis, we identified seven intronic polymorphisms on the chromosome 9 that showed the greatest difference in the average weight at positions 73 649 784, 73 649 844, 73 650 396, 73 656 001, 73 649 505, 73 653 951, and 73 564 014. All of them are located in introns and are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The presence of substitutions 73 649 784, 73 649 844, and 73 650 396 was associated with an average live weight of animals, which was 11.14 kg (27.6%) greater as compared with reference homozygotes. Homozygotes for the substitution at position 73 564 014 had an average body weight 21.5% greater than that in carriers of the reference variant. Conversely, SNPs 73 656 001, 73 649 505, and 73 653 951 were present in animals with this index 25–27.5% lower as compared with carriers of the reference variants. Therefore, the RIMS2 gene contains polymorphic variants significantly associated with the live weight parameter in Manych Merino sheep breed. Subsequently, they can be used as molecular markers in breeding for improved meat productivity. Further study of the RIMS2 gene is needed to establish the precise mechanisms, by which it influences the muscle growth and development. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://dspace.ncfu.ru/handle/123456789/33272 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z