Discovering potential of a novel ascorbate-zinc-nicotinate triple chelate complex for fermented milk fortification application

Abstract

This study introduces a novel ascorbate‑zinc-nicotinate (AZN) triple chelate complex designed to address Zn deficiency. The research demonstrates the successful synthesis and characterization of the complex using quantum chemical modeling and spectroscopic analysis, confirming its energetically favorable and chemically stable structure. The complex demonstrates superior stability across pH 4–11 and temperatures 60–95 °C. Animal testing revealed no adverse effects, while showing enhanced Zn bioavailability. Physiological studies demonstrated improved Zn absorption, enhanced hematological parameters, and increased antioxidant capacity in rats. The complex showed minimal impact on milk properties during fortification, maintaining optimal pH, electrical conductivity, and surface tension levels. Fermentation studies with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus showed bacterial growth stimulation up to 15 mg/L. Optimal milk fortification was achieved at 30% of the recommended daily zinc allowance, balancing nutritional enhancement and product quality. The research establishes the AZN complex as a promising solution for Zn fortification in dairy products.