Assessment of the water facilities' impact types on the basin geosystems' geosphere during construction and operation

Abstract

Water resources use as a renewable natural resource on all hierarchical basin geosystems levels of within the Earth biosphere, in almost all types of economic and other activities carried out by intra-basin or inter-basin water flow regulation and redistribution (surface, underground), quantitative and qualitative indicators, formed within the spatial limits of the basin system under consideration. For the water flow regulation within the considered river hydrographic seasonal or multi-year regulation network, the reservoirs are built, including the necessary complex hydrotechnical and related facilities, providing the selection of the estimated water flow (Q m3 / s) from water body with a subsequent transportation to specific water users and water consumers. For water resources use in various sectors of economic and other activities within about 10 of the basin geosystems in the Kuban, Terek and Lower Don rivers water facilities were built last century. According to the current regulatory environmental requirements at the design stage, construction and subsequent operation an urgent need to carry out the environmental impact assessment of water facilities arose. The construction objects referred to as "Facilities"and related to the water use with a systematic approach as a way to describe the processes of interconnection, interaction and the relationship between the natural, man-made components and the population developed the methodology foundations for creating and developing a class of natural-technical systems "Environment - Facility - Population"on the water resources use in the economic activity industries. The developed methodology basis for this class of natural-technical systems found practical application at the design, construction and operation stages water objects of activity, referred to as "Facilities", with the implementation of the existing regulatory environmental requirements. In the methodology foundations development for the creation and development of this class the natural-technical systems, the concept of the dominant role of the whole was formulated, which defines the dominant effect of natural processes in the water flow formation (surface, underground) in the zones of "Facility"influence within the considered basin geosystem. For the considered class of systems according to the study results, such basic system concepts as structure, component, element, the dominant role of the whole, including the concept of natural and technogenic components as well as the environmental acceptability are defined