Assessment of the state of water protection zones of the Central Caucasus, on the example of water bodies of the Krasnogvardeysky Municipal District of the Stavropol Territory using remote sensing methods of the Earth

Abstract

The increase in agricultural production is often associated with the involvement of large amounts of land in the production turnover and such factors clearly cause changes in natural processes. This entails the creation of artificial biocenoses, the peculiarity of which is that they cannot exist without anthropogenic intervention. Unfortunately, irrational use of natural resources leads to a violation of the ecological state and negative consequences. Such a negative effect is the plowing of floodplain territories of water bodies and their water protection zones. Animal husbandry in floodplain areas also entails degradation of vegetation cover of water protection zones, which can lead to erosion of the coastline, siltation and changes in morphometric characteristics of the coastline. Monitoring of water systems, due to the increasing anthropogenic load in the last decade, has received quite extensive scientific attention, both in the Russian scientific literature and abroad, which emphasizes the relevance of the study. The aim of the study is to assess the current ecological state of coastal and water protection zones of water bodies based on remote sensing data. Methods. The model territory of the Stavropol Territory (Krasnogvardeysky municipal district) is analyzed. The use of geoinformation technologies made it possible to assess the state of coastal territories over the past 10 years using the cartographic method and retrospective analysis. In total, 112 violations of water protection legislation were identified during the study, expressed in the plowing of floodplains and coastal zones of water bodies. The area of violations, which is 96.9 hectares, has been established. Results. The proposed methodology for the study and assessment of the ecological state of coastal protection and water protection zones can be used for other territories of the Stavropol Territory for a more complete study of the state of coastal territories, as well as its inclusion in the work of control and supervisory authorities.