Technical and economic efficiency of microclimate parameters provision in greenhouse farming annual cycle

Abstract

The use of solar energy in greenhouse farming allows us to reduce the consumption of organic and mineral fuel. Nowadays, the share of energy costs in the structure of production costs of indoor farms is up to 70%. It is connected with insufficiently effective use of electric and thermal energy in greenhouses, lack of optimization of energy processes in it. The paper also takes into account the thermophysical properties of soils necessary to determine the process of heat exchange during the year. Heat transfer in the soil is carried out mainly due to its conductive heat conduction, as well as moisture transfer and radiation. Therefore, when thermal processes are considered in the ground under the coefficient of heat conduction, some effective value is considered, taking into account the radiant and convective components and averaged over a sufficiently large volume compared to the size of the particles. The share of convective and radiant components under normal conditions does not exceed a few percent. The thermophysical properties of soils are determined by the experimentally established distribution of temperatures and heat fluxes in the soil. Creation and maintenance of design parameters of microclimate in greenhouses is most effective and economical through the integrated use of natural and artificial factors of formation of temperature, humidity and air regimes, combined in a complex system.