Energy-efficient microclimate control for greenhouse heat deficit compensation

Abstract

Greenhouse vegetable cultivation is currently an energy-intensive process, with high production costs driven by the expenses associated with greenhouse infrastructure and heating systems. Consequently, the design and construction of greenhouse facilities must prioritize the most rational and energy-efficient heating solutions, integrating conventional boiler systems with renewable energy sources such as solar power. Solar heating in greenhouses operates on the principle of the greenhouse effect, while the incorporation of thermal mass—typically in the form of soil—allows for a delayed onset of the heating season. The selection of an appropriate thermal storage system is therefore critical, as it enables the mitigation of fluctuations in solar energy availability by storing excess daytime heat for nighttime use. This study examines the optimal type of heat storage tank to address daily thermal deficits, employing a comprehensive analytical approach to evaluate the problem. The reliability of the resulting recommendations is verified through extensive theoretical and thermophysical calculations. Furthermore, the practical implementation of the energy conservation principles discussed herein is illustrated using the climatic conditions of Stavropol Krai as a case study.